基里尔出生于贵族家庭,是亚力山大牧首德奥斐洛的近亲,在德奥斐洛去世后,基里尔被按立为牧首。在有生之年,基里尔领导了三次艰苦的斗争:即同诺瓦蒂安异端、聂斯脱利异端以及同亚力山大的犹太人展开的斗争。诺瓦蒂安派异端起源于罗马,是长老诺瓦蒂安发起并领导的。他们以自己的美德而骄傲、身穿白色的衣服上街,禁止第二次婚姻,并主张:犯有杀人罪恶的人不能进行祷告;那些一度远离教会的人也不能重新返回教会,即使他们进行了深刻的忏悔。基里尔击败了他们,并将他们同他们的主教一同逐出亚力山大。同犹太人进行的斗争更为激烈和残酷。自从亚历山大大帝建立亚力山大城以来,犹太人在城市中非常强大。他们对基督徒的仇恨是邪恶的、疯狂的。他们进行谋反、下毒和将基督徒钉死在十字架上。在经过一段艰苦的斗争之后,基里尔同皇帝德奥多西二世一起成功地将犹太人驱逐出亚力山大。基里尔同君士坦丁堡牧首聂斯脱利的斗争在第三次普世大公会议(公元431年,艾弗所)上得到了解决。基里尔本人主持了这次会议,与此同时应罗马教宗切雷斯丁的要求代表他出席这次会议,因为当时的罗马教宗已经年迈,不能参加会议。会议上,聂斯脱利遭到了谴责和诅咒,被皇帝流放到帝国的东方边境地带。聂斯脱利遭受了可怕的死亡:他的舌头被蠕虫蚕食,正是他用这副舌头亵渎了诞神女-圣母,称她为基督的诞生者。在这场斗争结束后,基里尔得以平安地生活,并热心牧羊基督的羊群。基里尔于公元444年得以安息。据说是基里尔创作了以下的祷告词:“庆哉!童贞诞神女,满圣宠者玛利亚!” If you like our project and you are satisfied with our work and effort, please consider making a donation that would help us to survive on the Internet and in further development of the project.
Our goals are:
- At least for the next ten years to ensure the survival on the Internet by reserving quality servers,
- To rent one domain in every language in which the project has been translated,
- To translate the calendar in Italian, Polish and Armenian language, as soon as possible
- To work towards the further development of the project, adapting it for mobile devices and modern technologies
- To do the annual calendar, display showing the liturgical readings per week
- To supplement existing content
- To do a completely new approach with banners and a small calendars for other sites,
- To do good application for desktop computers ...
There are many other ways to help...